Museums and Nomads: Special section introduction
Abstract
This editorial commentary introduces a special section on 'Museums and Nomads', exploring how museum collections and exhibitions represent Mongolian pastoral heritage. Contributions to this issue describe four prevalent modes of museum representation: historic sites displayed in situ, vitrine-based ethnographic typologies, patriotic dioramas, and state-sponsored commemorative spaces. Interrogating the taxonomic schemes that classify herding societies and inform such representations, we can explore how evolutionary frameworks, orientalist essentialization, and state-authorized heritage discourses have historically depoliticized nomadic agency or co-opted pastoral identity for political projects. Ultimately, micro-historical analyses of local material culture, such as the Darkhad cradle (bööv), can advance decolonial, participatory museological frameworks that position nomadic pastoralists as active agents.Keywords
Museums, Nomads
References
- American Museum of Natural History. (2012). North American Ethnographic Collection. https://www.amnh.org/research/anthropology/collections/collections-history/north-american-ethnography.
- Anderson, D. G., & Arzyutov, D. V. (2016). The Construction of Soviet Ethnography and “The Peoples of Siberia.” History and Anthropology, 27(2), 183–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2016.1140159
- British Museum. (2020). Exploring the Silk Roads. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/china/exploring-silk-roads.
- Brown, M. S., & O’Brien, D. (2020). Whose “Chinese Dream” is it anyway? Temporalities of “ethnicity” in Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. In Redefining Propaganda in Modern China. Routledge.
- Chigsem, T. (2016). Clothing collections of the National Museum of Mongolia. Наследие–Музей–Туризм: Мифы и Современные Реалии, 36–40. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=27625200
- Conte, C. (2025). Deconstructing the concept of the “nomad” in central eurasia. Nomadic Peoples, 29(2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.3828/whpnp.63837646691076
- Denton, K. A. (2014). Exhibiting the Past: Historical Memory and the Politics of Museums in Postsocialist China. University of Hawai’i Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqw9j
- Dorjuren, E. (1971). The museums of the Mongolian People’s Republic. Museum International, 23(3), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1971.tb01966.x
- Elikhina, Y., & Demenova, V. (2020). A Study of Stylistic Features and Metal Composition of the Buddhist Sculpture from Inner Mongolia (dolonnor). Artibus Asiae, 80(2), 145–166. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48824295
- Erdenechuluun, G. (2026). Mongolian traditional wooden cradles: Types, techniques, and cultural significance. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 13, 102466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102466
- Ferret, C. (2016). The Ambiguities of the Kazakhs’ Nomadic Heritage. Nomadic Peoples, 20(2), 176–199. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24772917
- Foundation, S. H. (2015). The Sven Hedin Foundation. https://svenhedinfoundation.org/the-sven-hedin-foundation/
- Hirsch, F. (2003). Getting to know “The Peoples of the USSR”: Ethnographic exhibits as Soviet virtual tourism, 1923-1934. Slavic Review, 62(4), 683–709. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/getting-to-know-the-peoples-of-the-ussr-ethnographic-exhibits-as-soviet-virtual-tourism-19231934/DA32BD8633ED74E267D0DE86D06DED9C
- Hoppál, M. (2003). Tracing shamans in tuva. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 48, 465–481. https://doi.org/10.1556/aethn.48.2003.3-4.11
- IDP. (2010). IDP Collections in Britain - International Dunhuang Programme. In https://idp.bl.uk/. https://idp.bl.uk/blog/idp-collections-in-britain/
- Jenkins, D. (1994). Object Lessons and Ethnographic Displays: Museum Exhibitions and the Making of American Anthropology. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 36(2), 242–270. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500019046
- Johnsen, U. H. (Ed.). (2016). In the footsteps of Halfdan Siiger: Danish research in Central Asia. Moesgaard Museum.
- Krmpotich, C., & Somerville, A. (2016). Affective Presence: The Metonymical Catalogue. Museum Anthropology, 39(2), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.1111/muan.12123
- Lang, M.-K. (2018). Nomadic artefacts: Sacred objects between yurts, temples and museums. In Á. Birtalan, K. Teleki, Z. Majer, C. Fahidi, & A. Rákos (Eds.), Aspects of Mongolian Buddhism 1. Past, Present and Future. L’Harmattan; Eötvös Loránd University; Hungarian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.56037/978-2-343-14326-2
- Lang, M.-K., & Tsetsentsolmon, B. (2020). Artefact Transfers: Displacing, Representing and (Re-)Valuing Objects in Mongolia. Inner Asia, 22(2), 255–276. https://doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340150
- Linné, S. (1935). Dr. Sven Hedin’s Significance to the Ethnographical Museum of Stockholm. Geografiska Annaler, 17, 167–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/519854
- Lkhagvasuren, I. (2016). The Current Status of Mongolia’s Museums: Changes Taking Place in the Practical Activities of Museums Since the 1990s. In N. Sonoda (Ed.), New Horizons for Asian Museums and Museology (pp. 37–55). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0886-3_3
- MacNeil, H., Lapp, J., & Finlay, N. (2020). The Evolution of the Ethnographic Object Catalog of the Canadian Museum of History, Part 2: Systematizing, Communicating, and Reconciling Anthropological Knowledge in the Museum, ca. 1960–2018. Information & Culture, 55(3), 226–251. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27186824
- Myadar, O. (2011). Imaginary Nomads: Deconstructing the Representation of Mongolia as a Land of Nomads. Inner Asia, 13(2), 335–362. https://doi.org/10.1163/000000011799297654
- Nahwegahbow, A. (2017). From Great-Grandmothers to Great-Granddaughters: “Moving Life” in Baby Carriers and Birchbark Baskets. RACAR : Revue d’art Canadienne / Canadian Art Review, 42(2), 100–107. https://doi.org/10.7202/1042949ar
- Nasanbayar, T., Samdandash, O., & Altangerel, B. (2026). The Role of Museum Diplomacy in the Construction of Mongolia’s Soft Power: The Case of the Chinggis Khaan National Museum. Mongolian Diaspora. Journal of Mongolian History and Culture, 5(1-2), 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1515/modi-2025-0020
- Sabloff, P. L. W. (2002). Political Anthropology on Exhibit. Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 25(2), 90–100. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24497901
- Sampildondov, C., Чулуун, С., Munkhchuluun, M., & Мунхцэцэг, М. (2023). The role of cultural heritage in the new image of Mongolian capital. MMGU Herald, (2 (60)), 26–30. https://journals.rcsi.science/2541-8580/article/view/273740
- Segura, J., & Sekulova, F. (2024). Inner Mongolian poetry and song as a form of resistance. Political Geography, 115, 103214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103214
- Singh, K. (2013). The Future of the Museum is Ethnographic. https://soundcloud.com/pittriversound-1/kavita-singh?in=pittriversound-1%2Fsets%2Fthe-future-of-ethnographic
- Smithsonian Institution. (n.d.). Search: Mongolia. https://www.si.edu/search/images?edan_q=mongolia&edan_fq[]=data_source:%22NMNH+-+Anthropology+Dept.%22.
- Sundev, E. (2025). A periodic evaluation of the Development of Museums in Mongolia. Mongolian Journal of Arts and Culture, 26(50), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.69561/mjac.v26i50.4420
- Szmyt, Z. (2021). Huns on the Ruins of Socialism: Public Past in Inner Asian Cities. Prace Etnograficzne, 49(1-2), 145–167. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1011164
- Varutti, M. (2011). Miniatures of the nation: Ethnic minority figurines, mannequins and dioramas in Chinese museums. Museum & Society, 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v9i1.170
- Varutti, M. (2014). Museums in China: The Politics of Representation after Mao (Vol. 13). Boydell & Brewer. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt3fgkxb
- Vickers, E. (2007). Museums and nationalism in contemporary China. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 37(3), 365–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057920701330255
- Watterson, S. (2009). Mongolia’s National History Museum: The National Museum of Mongolia Reinvents Itself. The International Journal of the Inclusive Museum, 2(2), 51. https://search.proquest.com/openview/827151e06582af00fef03d847d0b3561/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=5531554
- Watterson, S. (2014). Jinkhin Mongol/True Mongolian: Mongolian museums and the construction of national identity [{PhD} {Thesis}, Deakin University]. https://dro.deakin.edu.au/articles/thesis/Jinkhin_Mongol_True_Mongolian_Mongolian_museums_and_the_construction_of_national_identity/21104347/1/files/37445833.pdf